Signal Transduction: Caveolins interact with various receptors and kinases, modulating signaling pathways such as the insulin signaling pathway and G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Endocytosis: Caveolae-mediated endocytosis is a clathrin-independent pathway important for the internalization of specific molecules. Lipid Regulation: Caveolins are involved in the regulation of cholesterol and sphingolipids, contributing to membrane composition and dynamics.