Proteins in the HPA are visualized using immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. - Immunohistochemistry: This technique involves staining tissue sections with antibodies specific to the target protein, followed by visualization under a microscope. - Immunofluorescence: Uses fluorescently labeled antibodies to detect proteins in cells and tissues, providing high spatial resolution. - Mass Spectrometry: Helps in identifying and quantifying proteins in a complex mixture, offering a broader understanding of protein expression.
