How are Histological Techniques Used in Diagnosing Male Reproductive Disorders?

Various histological techniques are employed to diagnose male reproductive disorders. [Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining]() is the most commonly used method to visualize tissue architecture and cellular details. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can detect specific markers, such as [cytokeratins](), [prostate-specific antigen (PSA)](), and other proteins, to differentiate between benign and malignant conditions. Advanced techniques like electron microscopy provide ultrastructural details that can further elucidate cellular abnormalities.