The creation of engineered tissues involves several key steps:
Cell Sourcing: Cells can be sourced from the patient (autologous), a donor (allogeneic), or other species (xenogeneic). Stem cells, due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types, are often preferred. Scaffold Design: Biomaterials like collagen, gelatin, and synthetic polymers are used to create scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix. These scaffolds provide structural support and influence cell behavior. Cell Seeding and Culture: Cells are seeded onto scaffolds and cultured in bioreactors that simulate the physiological environment, providing nutrients and mechanical stimuli. Biochemical Factors: Growth factors and cytokines are often added to promote cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation.
