NRAS - Histology

What is NRAS?

NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog) is a gene that encodes a protein involved in the regulation of cell division. It is a member of the RAS family of oncogenes, which are commonly associated with various forms of cancer.

NRAS Structure and Function

The NRAS protein is a small GTPase that cycles between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state. It plays a crucial role in transmitting signals from cell surface receptors to the nucleus, influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.

Role in Cancer

Mutations in the NRAS gene are frequently observed in several types of cancers, including melanoma, colorectal cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These mutations usually result in a constantly active NRAS protein, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and division.

Histological Examination of NRAS

Histological techniques can be employed to study the expression and localization of NRAS in tissue samples. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is commonly used to detect NRAS protein using specific antibodies. This technique helps pathologists determine the presence and extent of NRAS expression in tumor tissues.

Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications

Identifying NRAS mutations in tumor samples can have significant diagnostic and prognostic implications. For instance, NRAS mutations are often associated with a poor prognosis in melanoma and AML. Understanding the mutation status can help in tailoring personalized treatment strategies, such as targeted therapies.

Targeted Therapies

Several targeted therapies are being developed to specifically inhibit the activity of mutant NRAS proteins. These include small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies designed to block the downstream signaling pathways activated by NRAS. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of these therapies.

NRAS in Research and Future Directions

The study of NRAS in histology continues to be a field of active research. Advances in molecular biology techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), have improved our ability to detect NRAS mutations and understand their role in cancer biology. Future research aims to develop more effective therapies and improve the diagnosis and prognosis of NRAS-related cancers.

Relevant Publications

Racial Disparities in Glioblastoma Genomic Alterations: A Comprehensive Analysis of a Multi-institution Cohort of 2,390 patients.

Issue Release: 2024

The value of ACR, European, Korean, and ATA ultrasound risk stratification systems combined with RAS mutations for detecting thyroid carcinoma in cytologically indeterminate and suspicious for malignancy thyroid nodules.

Issue Release: 2024

Emamectin benzoate-induced toxicity affects intestinal epithelial integrity involving apoptosis.

Issue Release: 2024

Tunlametinib (HL-085) plus vemurafenib in patients with advanced BRAF V600-mutant solid tumors: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase I study.

Issue Release: 2024

Spectrum and Frequency of BRAF Mutations in Skin Melanomas in the Dalmatian Region of Croatia.

Issue Release: 2024

Isomer-sourced structure iteration methods for development of inhibitors: Inducing GTP-bound NRAS-Q61 oncogenic mutations to an \"off-like\" state.

Issue Release: 2024

Oncocytic Hyperplastic Nodule Versus Oncocytic Adenoma: Diagnostic Controversies Through a Brief Investigative Case Series Study.

Issue Release: 2024

Targeting NRAS via miR-1304-5p or farnesyltransferase inhibition confers sensitivity to ALK inhibitors in ALK-mutant neuroblastoma.

Issue Release: 2024

Structural characterization and AlphaFold modeling of human T cell receptor recognition of NRAS cancer neoantigens.

Issue Release: 2024

A novel t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) translocation adds to the role of BCOR and RUNX1 in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias.

Issue Release: 2024

Hsa_circ_0079875 functions as a competitive endogenous RNA to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression.

Issue Release: 2024

Molecularly matched targeted therapy: a promising approach for refractory metastatic melanoma.

Issue Release: 2024

Pathologic characteristics of histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms.

Issue Release: 2024

Deep neural network for the prediction of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genotypes in left-sided colorectal cancer based on histopathologic images.

Issue Release: 2024

Integrative immunophenotypic and genetic characterization of acute myeloid leukemia with CBFB rearrangement.

Issue Release: 2024

Clinicopathological and Molecular Features of Penile Melanoma With a Proposed Staging System.

Issue Release: 2024

Changes in cell morphology and function induced by the NRAS Q61R mutation in lymphatic endothelial cells.

Issue Release: 2024

Chelator boosted tumor-retention and pharmacokinetic properties: development of Cu labeled radiopharmaceuticals targeting neurotensin receptor.

Issue Release: 2024

KRAS Allelic Variants in Biliary Tract Cancers.

Issue Release: 2024

A proof-of-concept study of sequential treatment with the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat following BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAFV600mutated melanoma.

Issue Release: 2024

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