Factor XIa - Histology

What is Factor XIa?

Factor XIa is an activated serine protease that plays a crucial role in the blood coagulation cascade. It is derived from its zymogen form, Factor XI, which is activated by Factor XIIa in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. This protein is important for the amplification of the coagulation process, leading to the formation of a stable blood clot.

Histological Context of Factor XIa

In the field of Histology, understanding Factor XIa is essential for studying the mechanisms of blood clot formation and the pathology of various bleeding disorders. Observing Factor XIa activity can provide insights into conditions like hemophilia and other coagulopathies, where the normal clotting process is disrupted.

How is Factor XIa Detected in Histological Samples?

Factor XIa can be detected in histological samples using specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. Antibodies targeted against Factor XIa can be used to stain tissue sections, allowing researchers to visualize its distribution and activity within different tissues. This is particularly useful for examining the vascular system and identifying areas of active coagulation.

What Role Does Factor XIa Play in Disease?

Factor XIa is implicated in various diseases related to abnormal clotting. For instance, elevated levels of Factor XIa are associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, which can lead to conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. Conversely, deficiencies in Factor XIa can result in bleeding disorders, making it a critical factor in maintaining hemostatic balance.

Therapeutic Targeting of Factor XIa

Given its pivotal role in coagulation, Factor XIa is a target for new anticoagulant therapies. Inhibitors of Factor XIa are being developed to prevent pathological clot formation without the bleeding risks associated with traditional anticoagulants. These therapies aim to provide a safer alternative for patients at risk of thromboembolic events.

Future Directions in Research

Ongoing research into Factor XIa is focused on better understanding its specific mechanisms and interactions within the coagulation cascade. Advanced histological techniques, like multiplex staining and high-resolution imaging, are being employed to study Factor XIa in greater detail. This research holds promise for developing more effective treatments for both bleeding and thrombotic disorders.

Relevant Publications

Safety and efficacy of factor XIa inhibition with milvexian for secondary stroke prevention (AXIOMATIC-SSP): a phase 2, international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial.

Issue Release: 2024

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of New Hybrid Derivatives of 5,6-Dihydro-4-pyrrolo[3,2,1-]quinolin-2(1)-one as Potential Dual Inhibitors of Blood Coagulation Factors Xa and XIa.

Issue Release: 2024

Spontaneous reperfusion in STEMI: Its mechanisms and possible modulation.

Issue Release: 2024

Cutting-Edge Techniques and Drugs for the Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.

Issue Release: 2024

Discovery of Heparin Mimetic, Potent, and Selective Inhibitors of Human Clotting Factor XIIIa.

Issue Release: 2024

The first-in-human study to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the factor XI monoclonal antibody SHR-2004 in healthy subjects.

Issue Release: 2024

Milvexian vs apixaban for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: The LIBREXIA atrial fibrillation trial rationale and design.

Issue Release: 2024

A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of asundexian: a novel factor XIa inhibitor for stroke prevention.

Issue Release: 2024

Revisiting the effect of cholesteryl sulfate on clotting and fibrinolysis: Inhibition of human thrombin and other human blood proteases.

Issue Release: 2024

New Triazole-Based Potent Inhibitors of Human Factor XIIa as Anticoagulants.

Issue Release: 2024

[New anticoagulants in 2024: Development of factor XI and XIa inhibitors].

Issue Release: 2024

Substituted 4H-3,1-benzoxazine-4-one Derivatives as Inhibitors of Cathepsin G.

Issue Release: 2024

Hemorrhagic Transformation in Noncardioembolic Acute Ischemic Stroke: MRI Analysis From PACIFIC-STROKE.

Issue Release: 2024

Milvexian: evaluating the factor XIa inhibitor for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome.

Issue Release: 2024

Milvexian, a novel factor XIa inhibitor for stroke prevention: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation.

Issue Release: 2024

Anticoagulation in the Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism-A Review.

Issue Release: 2024

Laboratory Evaluation of Interferences Associated with Factor XIa Inhibitors Asundexian and Milvexian in Routine Coagulation Assays.

Issue Release: 2024

Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Older and Frail Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Decade of Experience.

Issue Release: 2024

Fitusiran reduces bleeding in Factor X-deficient mice.

Issue Release: 2024

Effect of the Factor XIa Inhibitor Asundexian According to Baseline Infarct Pattern and on MRI Covert Infarct Outcomes.

Issue Release: 2024

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