What is Histology?
Histology is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues. It involves examining cells and tissues under a microscope to understand their architecture, organization, and function.
Why Use Experimental Subjects in Histology?
Experimental subjects are crucial in
histology to understand normal and abnormal tissue structures. They help researchers study disease mechanisms, develop treatments, and understand physiological processes at the cellular level.
How Are Experimental Subjects Chosen?
Selection criteria for experimental subjects depend on the research question. Factors include the
similarity of the subject's tissue to human tissue, the subject's size, ease of handling, and ethical considerations. For example, mice are commonly used due to their genetic similarities to humans and their rapid reproduction rates.
What Ethical Considerations Are Involved?
Ethical considerations are paramount. Researchers must adhere to
ethical guidelines and obtain approval from Institutional Review Boards (IRB) or Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC). The principles of the 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—are often followed to minimize the use of animals and improve their welfare.
How Are Tissues Prepared for Histological Examination?
Tissue preparation involves several steps:
fixation to preserve tissue structure, embedding in paraffin, sectioning into thin slices, and staining. Common stains include Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), which highlight cellular components and tissue architecture.
What Techniques Are Used to Analyze Tissues?
Various techniques are employed to analyze tissues. These include light
microscopy, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in situ hybridization (ISH). Each technique offers different levels of resolution and specific information about cellular and molecular features.
