Endocrine Signals - Histology

What are Endocrine Signals?

Endocrine signals refer to the chemical messages secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream. These signals, known as hormones, travel through the blood to target cells or organs, where they elicit specific physiological responses.

How are Hormones Classified?

Hormones can be classified based on their chemical structure into three main types:

Steroid hormones (e.g., cortisol, estrogen)
Amino acid derivatives (e.g., epinephrine, thyroxine)
Peptide and protein hormones (e.g., insulin, growth hormone)

What are the Major Endocrine Glands?

The major endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads (ovaries and testes), and the pineal gland.

How Do Hormones Interact with Target Cells?

Hormones interact with target cells via specific receptors. These receptors can be located on the cell surface or within the cell. The binding of a hormone to its receptor triggers a series of intracellular events that lead to the desired physiological response.

What is the Role of Feedback Mechanisms?

Feedback mechanisms are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Negative feedback mechanisms inhibit hormone release in response to high levels of the hormone or its effects, while positive feedback mechanisms enhance hormone release in response to its effects. For example, the release of thyroid hormones is regulated by a negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

What are Some Examples of Endocrine Disorders?

Endocrine disorders can result from the overproduction or underproduction of hormones. Examples include diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and Cushing's syndrome.

How are Endocrine Tissues Studied in Histology?

In histology, endocrine tissues are studied using various staining techniques and microscopy. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is commonly used to visualize the general structure of endocrine glands. Immunohistochemistry can be employed to detect specific hormones or receptors within the tissues.

What is the Importance of Studying Endocrine Signals in Histology?

Studying endocrine signals in histology is crucial for understanding the normal functioning of the endocrine system and the pathogenesis of endocrine disorders. It helps in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, as well as in the development of targeted therapies.

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Thymic carcinoid with multiple bone metastases: A case report.

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Neuronal glucose sensing mechanisms and circuits in the control of insulin and glucagon secretion.

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Hyperglycemia impairs EAAT2 glutamate transporter trafficking and glutamate clearance in islets of Langerhans: implications for type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.

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Nonylphenol activates PKA and PLA2 releasing Arachidonic Acid in Rat Sertoli Cells.

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A pilot randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for medication decision-making and quality of life in women with breast cancer: The ACTION trial.

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Histone methylation: at the crossroad between circadian rhythms in transcription and metabolism.

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3D model of mouse embryonic pancreas and endocrine compartment using stem cell-derived mesoderm and pancreatic progenitors.

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The effects of environmental changes on the endocrine regulation of feeding in fishes.

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Endocrine responses to environmental variation.

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The Role of Adipokines in the Control of Pituitary Functions.

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Serotonin transporter imaging agent as a probe for β-cells of pancreas.

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Novel mechanisms involved in leptin sensitization in obesity.

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3-year invasive disease-free survival with chemotherapy de-escalation using an F-FDG-PET-based, pathological complete response-adapted strategy in HER2-positive early breast cancer (PHERGain): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial.

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Molecularly imprinted ratiometric fluorescence sensor for visual detection of 17β-estradiol in milk: A generalized strategy toward imprinted ratiometric fluorescence construction.

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Self-consistent signal transduction analysis for modeling context-specific signaling cascades and perturbations.

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Depletion of JunB increases adipocyte thermogenic capacity and ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance.

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Ghrelin/GHSR System in Depressive Disorder: Pathologic Roles and Therapeutic Implications.

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Detection of natural autoimmunity to ghrelin in diabetes mellitus.

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Gut-to-brain regulation of aging through neuropeptide F, insulin and juvenile hormone.

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