d serine - Histology

What is D-Serine?

D-Serine is an amino acid that functions as a neurotransmitter in the brain. It is an enantiomer of the more common L-serine and plays a crucial role in the modulation of neuronal signaling and synaptic plasticity.

Role of D-Serine in the Central Nervous System

D-Serine is predominantly found in the central nervous system, where it acts as a co-agonist for the NMDA receptor, a subtype of glutamate receptor. This interaction is vital for synaptic transmission, learning, and memory.

Histological Localization of D-Serine

Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques, D-serine has been localized primarily in astrocytes and certain neurons. These studies have shown that D-serine is produced by the enzyme serine racemase, which is expressed in these cells.

D-Serine and Neurodegenerative Diseases

D-Serine levels are found to be altered in various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Histological examination of affected brains shows changes in D-serine distribution, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of these diseases.

Histological Techniques for Studying D-Serine

Several histological techniques are used to study D-serine, including fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, and electron microscopy. These techniques help in visualizing the distribution and concentration of D-serine in various brain regions and understanding its role at the cellular level.

Clinical Implications of D-Serine

Understanding the histological distribution and function of D-serine has significant clinical implications. It could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the D-serine pathway in treating neurological disorders. Ongoing research is looking into the potential of D-serine as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and progression.

Future Directions in Histological Research on D-Serine

Future research aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying D-serine's role in neuronal function and pathology. Advances in histological techniques and molecular imaging will provide deeper insights into the precise functions and therapeutic potential of D-serine in the central nervous system.

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Characterisation of a microelectrochemical biosensor for real-time detection of brain extracellular d-serine.

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Plasma D-asparagine and the D/L-serine ratio reflect chronic kidney diseases in children regardless of physique.

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Passing the torch: The ascendance of the glutamatergic synapse in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

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Capturing acyl-enzyme intermediates with genetically encoded 2,3-diaminopropionic acid for hydrolase substrate identification.

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Calcium Regulation of Connexin Hemichannels.

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Impaired interferon response in senecavirus A infection and identification of 3C as an antagonist.

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L-serine deficiency: on the properties of the Asn133Ser variant of human phosphoserine phosphatase.

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Spectrum of NMDA Receptor Variants in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy.

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